Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent, usually enzymatic modification of proteins, and protein process during or after protein biosynthesis. Protein post-translational modification (PTM) increases the functional diversity of the proteome by the modifying proteins with functional groups, such as phosphate, acetate, amide groups, or methyl groups, and influences almost all the aspects of normal cell biology and pathogenesis. It plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cellular differentiation, protein degradation, signaling and regulatory processes, regulation of gene expression, and protein-protein interactions. The modifications genererally include phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, nitrosylation, methylation, acetylation, lipidation and proteolysis and influence almost all aspects of normal cell biology and pathogenesis. Therefore, characterization of PTM, including the modification categories and modified sites, is critical in the study of cell biology and disease diagnostics and prevention.
Identification of Post-Translational Modifications (PTM) is a tedious process. It can be affected by many factors. For example, most of the post-translational modifications are present in very low level. Therefore, enrichment steps are necessary before identification process. Additionally, stability of modification, and detection efficiency of mass spectrometry are also critical factors in PTM identification process. Creative Proteomics offers an advanced analytical platform for the characterization of various post-translational modifications (PTM).
Function of PTMs:
| Category of PTMs | Functions |
| Phosphorylation | Change protein comformation; Activate/inactivate catalytic activity |
| Ubiquitination | Target protein for degradation |
| Glycosylation | Direct a protein to its destination |
| Acetylation | Affect protein comformation and its affinity to other proteins |
| Lipidation | Affect the activity and subcellular location of a protein |
| Methylation | Affect protein comformation and its affinity to other proteins |
| Proteolysis | Remove peptide sequences or regulatory domains |
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