Brassinosteroids (BRs) Service Overview
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroidal plant hormones that promote growth. To date, nearly 70 BR analogs, collectively referred to as brassinosteroids, have been identified from 53 flowering plants, 6 non-flowering plants, 1 seedless plant, 1 seedless vascular plant, 1 non-vascular plant, and 3 green algae through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. In flowering plants, BRs are found in very low concentrations in pollen, anthers, seeds, leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and juvenile nutritional tissues, with pollen and immature seeds being the richest sources. BR-regulated plant development processes include cell elongation, cell division, root growth and development, vascular differentiation, reproductive growth and development, senescence, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. BRs interact with other hormones or environmental signals at various levels to coordinate plant growth, development, and stress responses.
Key Roles of Brassinosteroids in Plants
Brassinosteroids and Other Plant Hormones
Coordination of plant development in response to environmental cues requires crosstalk between pathways initiated by hormones and external signals. Plant responses to stress can be viewed as coordinated through a network of signaling pathways characterized by the production of ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and more. This network involves regulated steps including transcription, protein-protein interactions, and targeted protein degradation. In plants, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades play a critical role in various abiotic and biotic stress responses as well as in the transduction of plant hormone responses, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. Molecular studies have indicated interactions between BRs and other plant hormones, including the expression of hormone biosynthesis genes and/or intermediates. Investigations into these interactions have detected changes in endogenous levels of other hormones, describing synergistic effects with exogenous BR treatment. BRs increase ethylene production in the apical segment of mung bean. Additionally, BRs have additive effects with gibberellin (GA) and auxin on stem elongation. In intact Arabidopsis seedlings, combined application of BRs with GA or BRs with auxin results in synergistic increases in hypocotyl elongation. Interaction between ABA and BRs during cell elongation has been found in Arabidopsis bee1, bee2, bee3 mutants.
A Generalized Model of Plant Stress Signaling Network
ABA, abscisic acid; BRs, brassinosteroids; ET, ethylene; JA, jasmonic acid; SA, salicylic acid.
Applications
BIN2, as a key negative regulator of the BR signaling pathway, plays a pivotal role in crosstalk with many other signaling pathways. Further research is needed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of BIN2.
The molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying potential interactions between the BR signaling pathway and many other hormone or environmental signal pathways require further investigation.
The cell- or tissue-specific functions and impacts of BR biosynthesis and signal transduction remain to be studied.
While BR biosynthesis and signaling pathways have been extensively studied, their application in agricultural science is limited. Future efforts should focus on finding ways to apply BR-related components to crop science and agriculture.
Brassinosteroids Detection Methods
External Standard Method: A quantitative method where a pure substance of the test component is used as a reference substance, and the response signal of the reference substance is compared with that of the test component in the sample.
Internal Standard Method: Before sample processing, a certain amount of a test substance structurally similar to the test component (usually an isotope-labeled substance of the same category) is added to the sample and standard. The test substance content is corrected based on the ratio of the response values of the internal standard in the sample matrix and the standard.
Service Metrics
| No. | Indicator | CAS Number | Detection Method | Classification |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BL CS 6-DeoxoCS | 87833-54-3 | External Standard Method | BRs |
Workflow
Service Advantages
Comprehensive Service: Our service encompasses the full spectrum of plant sample handling, testing, and rigorous bioinformatics analysis. Leveraging advanced technology and extensive expertise, we provide a holistic solution.
Swift Testing Turnaround: Employing batch-based liquid-liquid extraction for sample pre-processing translates to a remarkably brief testing cycle.
Unwavering Precision: Utilizing UPLC-MS/MS enables us to achieve meticulous quantification, coupled with stringent quality control practices, ensuring scientifically sound outcomes.
Comprehensive Substance Profiling: Our focus extends to nine primary classes of plant hormones, with a particular emphasis on functionally significant ones.
Gold Standard Quantification: We adhere to the gold standard by employing isotope internal standards for absolute quantification.
Unparalleled Specificity: Our meticulously optimized pre-processing techniques ensure an exceptional level of specificity for plant hormones. We pair this with suitable chromatographic and mass spectrometry detection conditions.
Remarkable Sensitivity: Our high-sensitivity mass spectrometry system empowers us to detect hormones at levels as low as picograms and even femtograms, guaranteeing the precise quantification of exceedingly minute hormone concentrations.
References
- Muhammad Bilal Hafeez, Noreen Zahra, Kiran Zahra, Ali Raza, Aaliya Batool, Kanval Shaukat, Shahbaz Khan, Brassinosteroids: Molecular and physiological responses in plant growth and abiotic stresses, Plant Stress, Volume 2, 2021.
- Andrzej Bajguz, Shamsul Hayat, Effects of brassinosteroids on the plant responses to environmental stresses, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 47, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 1-8.
