Plant Single-Cell Proteomics Services
Explore plant biology at an unprecedented resolution with our advanced Plant Single-Cell Proteomics Service. Traditional bulk analyses often conceal cellular heterogeneity, limiting insight into plant development and stress adaptation. Our service bridges this gap by delivering quantitative, cell-level proteome maps that reveal molecular diversity, protein interactions, and regulatory mechanisms within individual cells. Through optimized sample preparation, precision cell sorting, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, we enable researchers to decode plant signaling pathways and accelerate functional discovery across various tissues and conditions.
- Single-Cell Accuracy: Detect thousands of proteins per cell, including low-abundance regulators and transcription factors.
- Comprehensive Workflow: From cell isolation to bioinformatics integration, ensuring reproducibility and depth.
- Proven Expertise: Backed by years of proteomics innovation and successful applications in plant systems.
- Actionable Insights: Generate a precise, data-driven understanding of plant growth, differentiation, and stress response.
Single-Cell Proteomics in Modern Research
Single-cell proteomics represents a transformative frontier in molecular biology. Traditional bulk proteomics captures average protein expression across heterogeneous populations. This approach obscures cellular diversity and limits the resolution of functional insights. Single-cell proteomics overcomes these limitations by enabling protein quantification at the single-cell resolution. The methodology allows for researchers to examine heterogeneity, track cellular differentiation, and investigate complex signaling networks. Increasingly, single-cell proteomics is applied to plant systems to resolve distinct cell types, stress responses, and developmental processes. Our service integrates advanced instrumentation and tailored workflows to maximize protein identification and quantitative accuracy at single-cell resolution.
What Makes Plant Single-Cell Proteomics Unique?
Plant single-cell proteomics is a specialized branch of proteomic analysis that focuses on the quantitative characterization of proteins within individual plant cells. Unlike transcriptomics, proteomics directly measures the functional abundance of proteins, post-translational modifications, and interaction networks. Plant single-cell proteomics is particularly challenging due to the presence of rigid cell walls, variable vacuole sizes, and the complexity of secondary metabolites. By applying optimized extraction, isolation, and mass spectrometry workflows, this approach achieves high-resolution proteomic profiles for diverse plant tissues. The method enables functional differentiation between neighboring cells, elucidates protein-mediated signaling, and provides a foundational understanding of plant development and stress physiology.
Figure 1. Protoplasts isolated from leaves for a single-protoplast proteomic analysis. (de Souza L P, 2020).
Key Technologies for Plant Single-Cell Proteomics Analysis
- Cell Isolation and Sorting: Single cells are obtained through enzymatic dissociation, mechanical disruption, or nuclei isolation. Advanced microfluidics and flow cytometry platforms facilitate unbiased or targeted selection of specific cell populations. This allows high-purity isolation of rare cell types.
- Protein Extraction and Sample Preparation: Efficient extraction is achieved using optimized protocols that minimize sample loss and preserve protein integrity. One-step extraction methods are employed to simplify workflows and reduce protein degradation.
- High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Mass spectrometry platforms provide sensitive and precise measurement of protein abundance. Ion mobility separation and high-resolution detectors enable the identification of low-abundance proteins and post-translational modifications.
- Bioinformatics Analysis: Dedicated pipelines process raw data to identify and quantify proteins, assess quality metrics, and integrate results with multi-omics datasets. Advanced algorithms reconstruct protein co-variation networks, elucidating functional interactions.
Our Plant Single-Cell Proteomics Service
- High Sensitivity: Detection of both low- and high-abundance proteins, including transcription factors and signaling molecules.
- Comprehensive Coverage: Extensive proteome coverage per cell allows detailed characterization of cellular heterogeneity.
- Automated and Integrated Workflows: End-to-end automation reduces sample loss and improves reproducibility.
- Flexible Cell Sorting Options: Support for unbiased single-cell isolation or targeted enrichment of specific cell types.
- Advanced Bioinformatics: Integrated analyses enable cross-validation with transcriptomic or metabolomic datasets, providing functional insights.
Labeling, Multiplexing, and Quantitative Strategies
- Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) Multiplexing: This approach allows simultaneous measurement of multiple single-cell samples within a single experiment. Each sample is chemically labeled with a unique tag, enabling parallel analysis without cross-contamination. TMT increases throughput, reduces technical variability, and allows direct comparison of protein abundance across different cell populations or experimental conditions.
- Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA): DIA captures all detectable peptides in a sample without relying on pre-selection, ensuring consistent and comprehensive protein detection across multiple cells.
- Label-Free Quantification: In addition to chemical labeling, we offer label-free strategies that measure peptide intensity directly. This method avoids potential labeling biases and is suitable for experiments with highly limited cell numbers.
Comprehensive Workflow for Our Plant Single-Cell Proteomics Service
- Tissue Collection and Preservation: Plant samples are harvested rapidly and stabilized to prevent protein degradation. Special buffers protect proteins from enzymatic breakdown and preserve their native state.
- Single-Cell Preparation: Cells are separated from plant tissues using enzymatic digestion or gentle mechanical disruption.
- Cell Sorting: Depending on the research goal, we can perform unbiased sorting to capture all cell types or targeted sorting to isolate specific cell populations.
- Protein Extraction and Digestion: Proteins are extracted using a streamlined, one-step method that preserves both high- and low-abundance proteins. Extracted proteins are enzymatically digested into peptides suitable for mass spectrometry.
- Mass Spectrometry Acquisition: Peptides are analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometers.
- Data Processing and Quality Control: Raw mass spectrometry data are processed to identify and quantify proteins in each cell.
Deliverables and Reporting Standards
- Protein Identification Tables: Comprehensive lists of identified proteins with quantitative values per cell.
- Quality Control Metrics: Protein detection depth, peptide coverage, and coefficient of variation.
- Cluster and Network Visualizations: Dimensionality reduction plots, heatmaps, and functional protein interaction networks.
- Integrated Multi-Omics Reports: Cross-referenced data with transcriptomic or metabolomic layers where applicable.
Applications of Plant Single-Cell Proteomics
- Cell-Type Characterization: Researchers can identify proteins that are unique to specific cell types, such as root endodermis or leaf mesophyll cells.
- Stress Response Analysis: The approach reveals how individual cells respond to environmental stresses, including drought, heat, or pathogen attack. For example, protein-level changes in stress-response pathways can be detected in rare or specialized cells that might be overlooked in bulk analysis.
- Developmental Biology: Single-cell proteomics allows tracking of protein dynamics during growth and differentiation. Researchers can map how signaling proteins and regulators vary as cells progress from stem-like states to mature tissue types.
- Crop Trait Discovery: By profiling proteins linked to growth, nutrient use, or resistance to environmental challenges, scientists can identify candidate targets for crop improvement.
- Signaling Network Mapping: Individual cell analysis enables reconstruction of protein interaction networks and communication pathways.
- Rare Cell Population Analysis: Single-cell approaches allow the study of uncommon or transient cell types that play critical roles in development or stress adaptation, which would be masked in conventional bulk studies.
Sample Requirements
| Sample Requirement | Details & Guidance |
| Tissue Quality | Samples should be fresh or properly preserved immediately after harvest. Avoid degradation by keeping tissues cold and minimizing time before processing. Frozen samples must be stored at −80°C and thawed gently. |
| Cell Viability | High cell viability is essential for accurate single-cell proteomics. Gentle dissociation methods should be used to maintain intact cells. Avoid harsh chemicals or prolonged enzymatic digestion. |
| Tissue Quantity | The amount of tissue should be sufficient to yield the number of single cells required for the study. For typical analyses, 50–500 cells per condition are recommended, depending on experimental depth. |
| Contaminant Minimization | Remove debris, phenolic compounds, and secondary metabolites that may interfere with protein extraction or mass spectrometry. Rinsing and buffer exchange can help reduce contaminants. |
| Handling and Transport | Samples should be transported on ice or dry ice to maintain integrity. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Provide detailed information on tissue type, developmental stage, and treatment conditions. |
Why Choose Creative Proteomics for Plant Single-Cell Proteomics Service
- Years of proteomics expertise with advanced single-cell technologies.
- Highly sensitive and accurate protein detection, capturing both abundant and rare proteins in individual plant cells.
- From cell isolation to data analysis workflow ensures minimal sample loss and reproducible results.
- Flexible sorting options allow unbiased or targeted cell selection.
- Bioinformatics platform delivers clear visualizations and functional insights.
FAQ
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Q1: How Does Plant Single-Cell Proteomics Differ from Bulk Proteomics?
A1: Unlike traditional bulk proteomics, which analyzes protein mixtures from large populations of cells, single-cell proteomics focuses on the proteome of individual cells. This distinction is crucial for understanding the diversity and specialization of cells within a plant, as bulk analysis averages out the differences between cells.
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Q2: What Challenges Exist in Plant Single-Cell Proteomics?
A2: Common challenges include: (1) Cell Wall Complexity: Plant cell walls make single-cell isolation difficult. (2) Protein Loss: Minimizing protein loss during extraction is critical for low-input samples. (3) Data Analysis Complexity: High-dimensional single-cell data require sophisticated bioinformatics pipelines.
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Q3: How Many Proteins Can Be Quantified from a Single Plant Cell?
A3: Current advanced workflows can quantify thousands of proteins per single plant cell, with detection of both high- and low-abundance proteins depending on cell type and platform sensitivity.
Demo
Demo: Exploring the feasibility of a single-protoplast proteomic analysis
This research investigates the feasibility of conducting proteomic analyses on single plant protoplasts, revealing heterogeneity in proteome expression. The study underscores the importance of analyzing a substantial number of plant cells to discern statistically significant changes in proteomes.
Figure 2. Treatment-guided unsupervised hierarchical clustering of protoplasts (Vu H M, et al., 2024).
Figure 3. Volcano plot (left) and GO:BP terms (right) represented by proteins altered by ABA in bulk proteomes of leaves (Vu H M, et al., 2024).
Figure 4. Comparison of proteins identified in single-cell proteomics analysis and bulk leaf proteomics analysis (Vu H M, et al., 2024).
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Case Study
Case: Guard cell redox proteomics reveals a role of lipid transfer protein in plant defense
Abstract
Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata, playing a crucial role in plant gas exchange and water regulation. Redox signaling within guard cells is vital for stomatal movement and plant defense mechanisms. However, the specific proteins involved in these processes remain inadequately characterized. The study aimed to identify and characterize redox-sensitive proteins in guard cells to elucidate their roles in plant defense responses.
Methods
- Sample Preparation: Guard cells were isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves.
- Proteomic Analysis: A proteomics approach was employed to identify thiol-modified proteins.
- Mass Spectrometry: The thiol-modified proteins were analyzed using mass spectrometry to determine their identity and modification status.
Results
- Protein Identification: Over 200 thiol-modified proteins were identified in guard cells.
- Functional Insights: Among these, a lipid transfer protein was found to be redox-sensitive and implicated in plant defense mechanisms.
Figure 5. Sensitivity assessment of single-cell proteomics data.
Figure 6. Results of differential expression analysis.
Conclusion
The study provides a comprehensive redox proteomic profile of guard cells, highlighting the involvement of lipid transfer proteins in plant defense. These findings offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying stomatal regulation and plant immunity.
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References
- Thibivilliers S, Libault M. Plant single-cell multiomics: cracking the molecular profiles of plant cells. Trends in Plant Science, 2021, 26(6): 662-663.
- Vu H M, et al. Exploring the feasibility of a single-protoplast proteomic analysis. Journal of Analytical Science and Technology, 2024, 15(1): 45.
- Balmant K M, Let al. Guard cell redox proteomics reveals a role of lipid transfer protein in plant defense. Journal of Proteomics, 2021, 242: 104247.
