Introduction of Antigen Presentation

The human immune system plays a pivotal role in defending the body against invading pathogens and foreign substances. Central to this defense mechanism is the process of antigen presentation, which is a vital component of the adaptive immune response. Antigen presentation pathways are intricate cellular processes responsible for presenting antigens to T cells, allowing them to recognize and mount targeted responses against harmful agents.

Fig. 1. Exogenous antigen processing. (Harryvan T. J., et al., 2021)

Pathways of Antigen Presentation

There are two primary pathways of antigen presentation: the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I pathway and the MHC class II pathway.

• MHC Class I Pathway

In this pathway, intracellular antigens, such as viral proteins, are degraded into small peptides by proteasomes within the infected cells. These peptides are then transported into the endoplasmic reticulum, where they bind to MHC class I molecules. The antigen-MHC class I complex is subsequently presented on the cell surface for recognition by cytotoxic T cells.

• MHC Class II Pathway

Extracellular antigens, such as those derived from bacteria or toxins, are engulfed by antigen-presenting cells through endocytosis. Within the endosomes, these antigens are processed into smaller fragments and loaded onto MHC class II molecules. The antigen-MHC class II complex is then displayed on the cell surface for interaction with helper T cells.

What We Provide?

Creative Proteomics is specialize in providing advanced DNA & RNA drug characterization services tailored for antigen presentation pathway evaluation. Our state-of-the-art technologies and expertise allow us to offer comprehensive solutions for understanding immune responses and facilitating drug development.

Potency Assessment

We offer specialized potency testing to ensure that the vaccine is sufficiently immunologically active in the antigen delivery pathway.

DNA & RNA Drug Identification

We offer comprehensive DNA and RNA drug characterization services. Our services enable identification testing of new therapeutic RNA molecules, verifying that their sequences are as expected to ensure the correct pathway for antigen presentation.

Purity Testing of DNA & RNA Drugs

We offer a comprehensive DNA and RNA drug purity testing service. This service can also be used for antigen presentation testing, whereby testing the purity of a specific DNA vaccine can detect the presence of other potential antigens, thereby ensuring drug safety.

Conclusions

Antigen presentation pathways are indispensable components of the immune system, governing immune responses against foreign invaders and pathogens. The evaluation of these pathways is crucial in various aspects of drug development and disease research.

Creative Proteomics offers top-tier DNA and RNA drug characterization services to support researchers in understanding and optimizing antigen presentation pathways. For inquiries about our DNA and RNA drug characterization services and how they can benefit your research on antigen presentation pathways, please feel free to contact us.

Our Advantages

• We utilize state-of-the-art techniques and instrumentation for accurate and reliable results.
• Our team of experts possesses extensive knowledge and experience in the field of DNA and RNA drug characterization.
• We understand the unique needs of each project and provide tailored solutions to meet specific research goals.
• We prioritize efficiency without compromising on the quality of our services, ensuring timely delivery of results.
• Client confidentiality is of utmost importance to us, and we adhere to strict data security measures.