What is Jasmonic Acid (JA)?
Jasmonic Acid (JA) serves as one of the primary immune hormones in plants. It actively regulates plant defense responses against mechanical damage, herbivorous insects, and necrotrophic pathogens while negatively regulating defense against biotrophic pathogens. Grafting experiments with tomato mutants deficient in JA synthesis or signaling support the notion that JAs may act as long-distance mobile signals regulating plant immunity. Additionally, as a growth regulator, JAs typically promote reproductive development while inhibiting vegetative growth. In many cases, JA's regulation of plant growth is achieved through cooperation with other growth hormones. JA-Ile (Jasmonic Acid-Isoleucine) is the most biologically active form of JAs.
Jasmonic Acid (JA) Derivatives and Metabolites
JA can undergo various modifications, including methylation to MeJA, glycosylation to JA-glc, decarboxylation to jasmonic ketone, hydroxylation to 12-OH-JA, and conjugation with amino acids, with JA-Ile being the most biologically active form. Enzymes encoded by genes involved in almost all eighteen-carbon pathways of JA biosynthesis have been identified. Increasing evidence suggests that JA also interacts with other hormone signals to regulate various plant defense responses and developmental processes.
(Qingzhe Zhai et al,. Hormone Metabolism and Signaling in Plants 2017)
How to Choose Internal and External Standards
Both internal and external standards are quantitative analysis methods. Internal standards involve adding a substance of known concentration to each standard and sample, acting as a reference to correct potential errors during the experiment and instrument detection. External standards are simpler and more convenient, making them the preferred choice under various conditions. However, in cases requiring high precision, where accuracy can have a significant impact, or under less-than-ideal laboratory conditions, the use of internal standards becomes necessary. Regardless of the method chosen, method validation and confirmation are essential for accurate results.
Selection Between Internal and External Standards
| Aspect | Internal Standard | External Standard |
|---|---|---|
| High Accuracy | √ | |
| High Precision | √ | |
| Simplicity | √ | |
| Low Loss | √ | |
| Low Cost | √ | |
| Trace Analysis | √ |
LC-MS/MS Detection of JAs
LC-MS/MS allows the simultaneous quantification of multiple plant hormones in a single instrument run without the need for derivatization, purification, or high temperatures. It is a highly useful method for comprehensive quantitative analysis of plant hormones. Internal standards, which are stable isotope-labeled compounds with the same chemical structure as the target analytes, are crucial for correcting hormone losses during sample preparation and chromatographic separation, as well as potential variations in ion yields due to ion suppression. Preparing and selecting appropriate stable isotope-labeled internal standards are of utmost importance and directly impact the accuracy of plant hormone quantitative analysis.
Jasmonic Acid (JA) Mass Spectrometry Detection Services
We offer detection services for various samples using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods, enabling the quantification of changes in jasmonic acid levels with high throughput and high precision, high sensitivity. In addition, we provide other plant hormone detection services to meet your specific requirements.
Our Jasmonic Acid detection services include:
| No. | Indicator | CAS Number | Detection Method | Sample Requirements |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jasmonic Acid (JA) | 3572-66-5 | External Standard Method | Fresh Plant Samples/Seeds |
| Isotopic Internal Standard | ||||
| 2 | Dihydrojasmonic Acid (2HJA) | 3572-64-3 | External Standard Method | Fresh Plant Samples/Seeds |
| 3 | Jasmonic Acid-Isoleucine (JA-ILE) | 120330-93-0 | External Standard Method | Fresh Plant Samples/Seeds |
| 4 | 12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid (12-OPDA) | 85551-10-6 | External Standard Method | Fresh Plant Samples/Seeds |
| 5 | Methyl Jasmonate (MEJA) | 879490-89-8 | External Standard Method | Fresh Plant Samples/Seeds |
| Isotopic Internal Standard |
Workflow
Future Prospects of JA Research
Identification of JA transporters to elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling JA movement.
Determining how JAs regulate resource allocation between growth and defense-related processes.
Investigating the role of chromatin-based epigenetic mechanisms in transmitting and integrating responses to JAs.
Elucidating the mechanisms triggering JA bursts and understanding how plants rapidly accumulate JA in response to injury, insect attacks, and pathogen infections.
Defining the synergistic or antagonistic interactions between the JA signaling pathway and other hormone signaling pathways to understand JA's diverse functions.